A Diébédo Francis Kéré il Premio Pritzker 2022

Architetto, docente e attivista sociale, Diébédo Francis Kéré, nato in Burkina Faso e residente a Berlino è il vincitore del Premio Pritzker 2022.

«Spero di contribuire a cambiare le cose, di spingere le persone a sognare e ad assumersi delle responsabilità. Non è che se sei ricco allora puoi permetterti di sprecare risorse, e essere poveri non impedisce di cercare di creare qualità – ha affermato il 51esimo premio Pritzker. Tutti hanno diritto alla qualità, tutti hanno diritto al benessere e al lusso. Siamo tutti connessi tra noi e le preoccupazioni riguardo all’ambiente, alla democrazia e alla povertà sono preoccupazioni di tutti».

Francis Kéré, ph. ©Lars Borges

Servendosi dell’architettura, Francis Kéré rafforza e trasforma le comunità. Attraverso il suo impegno per la giustizia sociale e l’uso intelligente di materiali del luogo per limitare l’impatto ambientale e fornire risposte alle specificità del clima, opera in nazioni marginalizzate e prive di architettura e infrastrutture. Costruendo edifici per l’istruzione, strutture sanitarie, abitazioni per accogliere in quei luoghi medici e insegnanti, edifici e spazi pubblici in luoghi dove le risorse sono scarse e le borse di studio il solo modo per emanciparsi da condizioni di vita miserabili, il lavoro di Kéré va ben oltre il valore insito nel solo edificio.

Burkina Institute of Technology (primo lotto), 2020 (dettaglio, ph. ©Francis Kéré). Burkina Institute of Technology is a result of the success of Lycée Schorge Secondary School, offering not only an extension of the campus, but post-secondary academic opportunities. “[It] is designed using a system of repeated modules, housing classrooms and auxiliary functions, arranged orthogonally to define a rectangular courtyard. The orthogonal arrangement of staggered modules allows the campus to expand incrementally according to its needs and air to flow through the central void, creating a space where the students can relax and interact.” The facility is composed of cooling clay walls that were cast in-situ to accelerate the building process. Overhanging eucalyptus, regarded as inefficient due to its minimal shading abilities yet depletion of nutrients from the soil, were repurposed to line the angled corrugated metal roofs, which protect the building during the country’s brief rainy reason. Rainwater is collected underground to irrigate mango plantations on the premises.

«Con architetture che manifestano al tempo stesso bellezza, pudore, coraggio e capacità di invenzione in regioni estremamente povere – ha commentato Tom Pritzker – Francis Kéré difende e porta avanti il compito che è proprio dell’architettura e che dà un senso al Premio».

La scuola come fonte di vita e di riscatto per un’intera comunità: comincia con questa convinzione il progetto della scuola elementare di Gando in Burkina Faso (costruita nel 2001), con una soluzione costruttiva intelligente per fronteggiare, con risorse molto limitate, il calore estremo della regione e fornire luce a aria adeguate agli ambienti interni e una forte convinzione ideale per convincere la comunità della bontà del progetto e organizzare una raccolta fondi internazionale per realizzarlo.

Il successo di questo progetto ha portato da 120 a 700 il numero di studenti e ha catalizzato l’attenzione internazionale permettendo poi di costruire anche gli alloggi per gli insegnanti (2004), un ampliamento (2008) e la costruzione della biblioteca (2019).

Ampliamento della scuola elementare di Gando, ph. ©Erik Jan Owerkerk. Gando Primary School was the first outcome and beneficiary of Kéré Foundation e.V. (est. 1998) and marks the architect’s inaugural built work. His ideology, to build a wellspring with and for a community to fulfills essential needs and redeem social inequities. His advocacy for a child’s right to a comfortable classroom stems from his own experiences, sitting in crowded, stifling, facilities that were poorly ventilated and lit. Here, indigenous clay was fortified with cement to form bricks with high thermal mass, retaining cooler air inside while allowing heat to escape through a brick ceiling and wide, overhanging, elevated roof, resulting in ventilation without the mechanical intervention of air conditioning. Remnant building materials are always used to create classroom furniture. The success of this project increased the school’s student body nearly six-fold, from 120 to 700 students, catalyzing Teachers’ Housing (2004, Gando, Burkina Faso), an Extension (2008, Gando, Burkina Faso), and Library (2010, Gando, Burkina Faso).

Nelle motivazioni del premio, la giuria ricorda che «Kéré sa bene che l’oggetto dell’architettura non è il risultato ma il processo di progettazione e costruttivo. L’insieme dei suoi lavori ci mostra la forza della materialità radicata nel luogo, i suoi edifici, disegnati per e con le comunità, appartengono a loro: nel farsi, nei materiali, nelle funzioni e nel loro carattere unico».

Centre for Health and Social Welfare, 2014 Laongo, Burkina Faso (ph. ©Francis Kéré). The Center for Health and Social Welfare is part of the system of buildings within Opera Village. Constructed of local clay and laterite stone, with eucalyptus wood and overhanging roofs, the structure’s materials present elements of aesthetic consistency throughout the complex. The three interlocking units, providing services of gynecology and obstetrics, dentistry, and general medicine, are connected through shaded courtyards that are used as waiting areas. The fenestration offers a pattern of framed windows at varying heights to offer picturesque views of the landscape for everyone, from a standing doctor to a sitting visitor to a lying patient.

La maggior parte dei lavori di Kéré si trova in Africa in Africa (Benin, Burkino Faso, Mali, Togo, Kenya, Mozambico, Togo, Sudan) ma con il suo studio ha creato padiglioni e installazioni anche in Danimarca, Germania, Italia, Svizzera, nel Regno Unito e negli Stati Uniti d’America. Tra le sue opere più significative l’installazione Xylem al Tippet Rise Art Centre (2019, Montana, United States), la Léo Doctors’ Housing (2019, Léo, Burkina Faso), il Lycée Schorge (2016, Koudougou, Burkina Faso), il Parco Nazionale del Mali (2010, Bamako, Mali) e l’Opera Village (primo lotto, 2010, Laongo, Burkina Faso).

Nel 1998 Francis Kéréha dato vita alla Kéré Foundation per sostenere gli abitanti di Gando con progetti, collaborazioni e raccolte fondi; lo studio di Berlino Kéré Architecture è stato invece fondato nel 2005.

Lycée Schorge, Koudougou, Burkina Faso, 2016 (ph. Francis Kéré). Located in one of the more populated cities of Burkina Faso, Koudougou, Lycée Schorge Secondary School serves as a local landmark for its aesthetic qualities. Nine modular buildings are arranged radially, establishing a center ring of flexible community space for performance, celebration and gathering. Local laterite stone, yielding high thermal mass, was formed into bricks to build the modules. A detached and overhanging corrugated metal roof protects the exterior materials from the rain while shielding the building’s inhabitants from natural elements. From within, vaulted ceilings of white perforated plaster distribute favorable lighting under direct sun while heat escapes through wind towers. From the periphery, vertical eucalyptus wood forms a border, offering shady intermediary spaces for students and teachers.
Sarbalé Ke, California, 2019 (ph. ©Iwan Baan). Sarbalé Ke, originally designed for Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, translates to “House of Celebration” in Kéré’s native Bissa language, and references the shape of the hollowing baobab tree, revered in his homeland for its medicinal properties. Constructed of steel and colorful wooden triangular panels, three large central baobab towers serve as a focal point and for larger assembly, while smaller towers allow for intimate gathering. The pink, orange and blue exteriors adopt the palette of the sunrises and sunsets cascading through the surrounding mountains, while filtered light creates interior shady respite by day and illumination by evening.
Xylem, Montana, 2019 (ph. ©Iwan Baan). Inspired by the tuguna, a sacred wood and straw community gathering space located in many small Burkenabè villages, Xylem at Tippet Rise Art Centre is constructed almost entirely of raw, local, sustainable pinewoods. Clusters of logs are seemingly suspended overhead, “grouped in circular bundles within a modular hexagonal structure in weathering steel, supported by seven steel columns.” Subtle rays of light to filter into the pavilion, while curvilinear seating at varying heights offers spaces to stand, lounge and lay, so users may experience sprawling views from different vantage points. Visitors may converse, meditate, or contemplate in the shelter, while immersed in the natural environment of this art center, located on a 12,000-acre cattle ranch within in the backdrop off the Beartooth Mountains.
Serpentine Pavilion, Londra, 2017 (ph. ©Iwan Baan). A temporary structure located in Kensington Gardens, Kéré’s Serpentine Pavilion takes its central shape from a tree and its disconnected, yet curved walls are formed by triangular indigo modules, identifying with a color representing strength in his culture and more personally, a blue boubou garment worn by the architect as a child. The detached roof resonates with those of his buildings in Africa, but inside the pavilion, rainwater funnels into the center of the structure before irrigating the landscape to highlight water scarcity that is experienced worldwide.

© 2020 IoArch. All Rights Reserved.

Scroll To Top